Rosh Internal Medicine Boost Practice Exam

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What is a recommended lifestyle change for a patient with a history of kidney stones?

Increase protein intake
Increase hydration
Decrease dietary fiber
Reduce calcium intake

The correct answer is: Increase hydration

Increasing hydration is a highly recommended lifestyle change for patients with a history of kidney stones. Adequate fluid intake helps to dilute the urine, reducing the concentration of stone-forming substances. This can lower the risk of crystals forming and subsequently developing into larger stones. Staying well-hydrated encourages more frequent urination, hence flushing out substances that might contribute to the formation of stones. For individuals prone to kidney stones, achieving a target daily fluid intake of at least 2 to 3 liters is generally advisable, depending on the person's overall health and specific circumstances. This practice is especially important for those who form calcium oxalate stones, which are among the most common types. Hydration can also be beneficial regardless of the specific type of kidney stone, as it plays a crucial role in overall urinary health.